Each state retains its sovereignty (power), freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this Confederation expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled…. 

For the most convenient management of the general interests of the United States, delegates shall be annually appointed in such manner as the legislatures of each State shall direct, to meet in Congress on the first Monday in November, in every year, with a power reserved to each State to recall its delegates, or any of them, at any time within the year, and to send others in their stead for the remainder of the year….In determining questions in the United States in Congress assembled, each State shall have one vote. 

When land forces are raised by any State for the common defense, all officers of or under the rank of colonel, shall be appointed by the legislature of each State respectively, by whom such forces shall be raised, or in such manner as such State shall direct, and all vacancies shall be filled up by the State which first made the appointment. 

All charges of war, and all other expenses that shall be incurred for the common defense or general welfare, and allowed by the United States in Congress assembled, shall be defrayed out of a common treasury, which shall be supplied by the several States in proportion to the value of all land within each State, granted or surveyed for any person, as such land and the buildings and improvements thereon shall be estimated according to such mode as the United States in Congress assembled, shall from time to time direct and appoint. 

The taxes for paying that proportion shall be laid and levied by the authority and direction of the legislatures of the several States within the time agreed upon by the United States in Congress assembled. 

The United States in congress assembled, shall have the sole and exclusive right and power of determining on peace and war . . . . The United States in congress assembled shall also have the sole and exclusive right and power of regulating the alloy and value of coin struck by their own authority, or by that of the respective states— fixing the standard of weights and measures throughout the United States—regulating the trade and managing all affairs with the Indians….establishing or regulating post-offices from one state to another, throughout all the United States….making rules for the government and regulation of the said land and naval forces, and directing their operations….  

All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.  

Article I, Section 8  

The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;  

To borrow Money on the credit of the United States;  

To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes;  

To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States;  

To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures;  

To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States;  

To establish Post Offices and post Roads; 

To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court;  

To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water; T 

To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years;  

To provide and maintain a Navy;  

To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces;  

To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions; …  

To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof. 

The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. 

He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected… 

The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment. 

He [the President] shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States… 

The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office. 

 . . This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land . . ..